Participation Vs Observation

“The church must worship, and worship and entertainment are at opposite ends of the table.” - A.W. Tozer

I have been thinking quite a bit about the line between worship and entertainment these days. In part because over the past 18 months, our church has been in the process of finding quotes, establishing a budget, raising money, and seeking grant monies for a major audio-visual update of our space. More than just the physical reality of new equipment, we have had to determine how our convictions shape not only the kind of equipment we purchase but how it is used during the weekly gathering.

Like many things in our world, there is an opportunity for polarization when it comes to style, equipment, and the implementation of technology in the corporate gathering. There are churches by conviction or default have a simple setup. Sometimes these churches will accuse the high production value of another church of being distracting, performative, and putting on a concert rather than leading people in worship. And there are churches that are early adopters of new technology, always at the cutting edge of the latest and greatest technology, style, or song. These churches can often accuse simpler churches of being distracting, unwilling to use technology to engage the world, and behind the times.

Everyone has personal preferences tied up in music, volume, aesthetics, and style that are important to acknowledge. I think it’s also important to acknowledge that in many cases the convictions we carry about the implementation of technology and how we chase the latest and greatest or cling to simplicity is a second and third-tier issue. Jesus-loving, Bible-believing Christians can hold different convictions around these ideas and still be in fellowship with one another.

This is an area that can be gray. But I have started wondering if we are asking the wrong questions. Perhaps the better questions here would be: Are the decisions we make encouraging participation or observation?

Participation is worship - it is liturgy - the work of the people. Observation is entrainment - it is passive and encourages consumerism.

I believe in some ways this question frees us to make decisions with our unique congregation in mind. It does however require an awareness of the culture, the people we serve, and a clear philosophy of worship that is rooted in something longer-lasting than style and technology.

Are the decisions we make encouraging participation or observation? In some ways, this question seems almost pre-Reformation. One of the things we see during the Reformation is the tendency all Christians have to outsource their faith to “the professionals.” The Mass was observed in a language many did not speak or understand - they became passive observers, rather than active participants. What was true 500 years ago is true today - participation is an essential part of the corporate gathering.

8 May: Liturgy + Set List

• GOD SO LOVED

  Call to Worship

  Parent Commissioning

• GRAVES INTO GARDENS

• LORD, I NEED YOU

  Sermon: James 1:12-18

  If you are here this morning sitting in a trial if you are here this morning aware of how you have been lured away and enticed to sin from your distorted desires if you are here this morning sitting in the consequences of your own brokenness, let all of those things be to you an invitation to return to the Lord. Return to the Shepherd and Overseer of your soul, our good and gracious God. Let’s stand and sing in response to God’s Word preached:

• COME THOU FOUNT

March 27: Liturgy + Set List

• PRAISE TO THE LORD, THE ALMIGHTY/GOOD GOOD FATHER

  Welcome to this fourth Sunday of Lent. In a world that values personal rights and freedoms above all, in a world that encourages you to pursue your own happiness above all, in a world that says ‘if you can afford it, do not deny yourself any pleasure…’ there is perhaps nothing you or I will do this week that is more counter-cultural, more counter-formative than gathering with the people of God. It is when we gather with the people of God that we learn to treasure Christ above our individual rights and freedoms. It is when we gather with the people of God that we learn to grow together rather than seek our own happiness. It is when we gather with the people of God that we learn to live on mission to the glory of God instead of chasing after temporary pleasures. And this is really the invitation of the season of Lent as well, to be invited into a practice that is counter-formative to the way of the world. To starve the flesh, with all of its selfishness, pride, and preferences, to fast from pleasures, so that we may feast on the goodness, grace, mercy, and love of Christ in a unique way in this season. As followers of Jesus we are called to live counter to the way of the world, and that begins when we gather. And we hope that these songs being slow and quiet the last several weeks have served in some small way as visible and audible reminders of the counter-cultural way we are called to live as followers of Jesus. Let’s hear God call us to worship through His word:

• Call to Worship: Psalm 40:5

• WAYMAKER

• BEFORE THE THRONE

  Sermon: Joshua 15-21

• ON CHRIST THE SOLID ROCK

  Corporate Confession:

  Merciful God,
  We confess that we have sinned against You in thought, word, and deed, By what we have done, and by what we have left undone.

  We have not loved You with our whole heart and mind and strength. We have not loved our neighbors as ourselves. Merciful God,
  We confess that we have sinned against You in thought, word, and deed, By what we have done, and by what we have left undone.

  We have not loved You with our whole heart and mind and strength. We have not loved our neighbors as ourselves. (Book of Common Prayer)

  Brothers and sisters, hear the good news: He remembers your sins no more. His mercy is greater than your ability to sin.

• HIS MERCY IS MORE

• Benediction

October 3: Liturgy + Set List

• BEFORE THE THRONE

Call to worship:

To all who are weary and need rest

To all who mourn and long for comfort

To all who feel worthless and wonder if God cares

To all who fail and desire strength

To all who sin and need a Savior

This church opens wide her doors with a welcome from Jesus Christ, the Ally of

His enemies, the Defender of the guilty, the Justifier of the inexcusable, the

Friend of sinners, welcome.

• GRACE ALONE

• I LOVE YOU LORD

Sermon: Romans 12:3-8

We love because God has first loved us. We serve because God has first served us in and through Christ. We belong to the family of God because we have been adopted by God. We belong to the Body of Christ where Christ Himself is the Head. The entirety of our lives is lived in response to God. Let’s respond together:

• MY JESUS I LOVE THEE

BAPTISMS

COMMUNION

• HIS MERCY IS MORE

BENEDICTION: Ephesians 3:20-21

Shepherding Slides

My first ‘role’ in leading worship was running the transparency slides on a projector as my parents led worship. The church we were attending at the time was small, and this was the first time they had used anything other than a hymnal to display song lyrics. I learned so much during those days about the important role that lyrics play in enabling the people of God to sing and respond together. Thankfully, technology has progressed and churches today have more options at their disposal than a projector and transparency.

That being said, as creative and artistic people, we can often fall into the trap of looking for the latest and greatest - the newest technology, the best font choice, the live video work, the motion graphics, and moving backgrounds, the ‘look’ that is being created by churches we admire. Although I do not think there is anything wrong with appreciating a particular style, the question I want to propose is: how are our lyrics slides and videos screens helping or hindering the people of God to see, read, meditate, sing and respond to God together?

Lyrics need to be visible from multiple areas in the room, for those with great eyesight, and those who may be partially sighted - so the point size of our font is important. Changing the lyrics in enough time for people to begin to read and prepare to sing the next line is crucial - best practice is changing to the next slide on the third-to-last word of the current slide. Keeping phrasing and ideas together in the way they are being sung also helps the congregation follow smooth transitions, rather than feeling like there are stops, starts, and breaks that do not naturally exist in the song. My personal preference is to include no more than four lines at a time on a slide - this is enough to contain a full thought or idea, but not so much that you can lose track of where you are on the slide as you are singing.

While listening to a Doxology and Theology breakout session with Michael Bleecker, I heard him encourage worship leaders to intentionally ‘clutter our slides’ for the sake of leading and teaching people. He went on to describe how he will often provide brief definitions of words or phrases that are unfamiliar to our people, or Scripture at the bottom of the slides for easy reference.

Over the last five years, I have included Scripture at the bottom of each slide when I lead worship. This is a time-intensive investment early on, but it is both a challenge to my own process of song selection - if I cannot find Scripture that speaks directly or indirectly to what we are singing, we should probably not be singing it in the first place - it has been the thing that people have commented to me time and again about being helpful, encouraging, and heart-focusing during sung worship. Here are a few examples of what that has looked like for me:

How might you use lyrics, and projection to further communicate the truth and beauty of the Gospel? How might you make the most of every opportunity to more deeply disciple the people God has brought to your church?

Evaluating Services

Whether we recognize it or not, anything we do regularly becomes formative. This is also includes our weekly corporate worship gathering as the people of God. As we walk the long obedience in the same direction our desires are reshaped, our affections are aimed, our minds are renewed, our priorities realigned. This is why I believe it is imperative that we evaluate our gatherings weekly - because they are formative. That we ask questions that expose and reform the way our gatherings are forming the people. Anything that forms us without regular evaluation and intention will ultimately deform and malform our hearts, minds, and lives. But merely evaluating our services will be insufficient for correct formation. The metrics and measurements against which we evaluate are essential to helping us move in a direction of deep life and soul formation.

What Are The Measurements?

There are standards that the world would give us by which to evaluate the ‘success’ of a gathering such as, how many people were in the room? Did people sing, and seem engaged in corporate worship? Did the band execute musically what you had planned and practiced in rehearsal? Was the production (lights, sound, lyrics, and visuals) fluid and seamless throughout the gathering? Did people have a good experience? Were people uplifted?

Is there anything wrong with these kinds of questions? In and of themselves, no. But what I am suggesting is that we must aim higher and deeper than questions about how well a service was executed. And the truth is what we are attempting to measure is our faithfulness in sowing seeds that will bear fruit over six months, and sixty years, not six days. This means we need to ask questions that not only assess the practical details of how well we have executed a gathering, but ask questions that enable us to constantly be bringing ourselves back to the center of why we gather, and what we are seeking to accomplish as we build set lists and services.

Questions like:

How does our corporate gathering fit within the specific mission of our local Church? What about the Global Church?

Are we speaking to the breadth of the human experience in our gathering - joy and sorrow, apathy and zeal, abundance and poverty, hope and fear, faith and unbelief?

How is our gathering helping people make sense of their lives, their work, their relationships, and world outside these walls?

How are we helping people see that all of life is worship?

Are people growing in their understanding of the heart and character of Christ through our gathered time?

There is a three-fold metric the church were I serve uses as a plumb line during our weekly service evaluation meetings that we lifted from Bryan Chapell’s book ‘Christ-Centered Worship,’

‘Church leaders designed their order of worship to communicate the truths of Scripture, touch the hearts of worshipers with the implications of those truths, and then equip believers to live faithfully in the world as witnesses to those truths.’

These are the truths we hope will mark our corporate gathering weekly and over time.

A Warning

Pride will seek to tip the scales in either direction as you seek to evaluate services. Pride will say: ‘Wow, we are doing an amazing job at accomplishing all of the things in our weekly gathering we have set out to accomplish. We are so thoughtful, intentional, and skilled in executing these goals.’ And on the other side pride will say: ‘Wow, we are terrible at this. We do not have a larger vision for our gathering, and do not have the skills to execute all of the beautiful things God may want to do in our unique context. We are awful, why even bother?’

When I feel myself slipping down the slope of pride on either side, I try to remind myself - these are God’s people, not mine. This is Christ’s Church, not mine. I am not nearly as powerful as I think, nor am I as insignificant as I feel. It is the Holy Spirit who does the work of transformation. It is the Father who does the work of conforming people to the image of His Son. God does not need our feeble efforts to accomplish His purpose, but He invites us into His story, and His work in the lives of His people in His world.

Evaluating services will require humility and intention. This is hard work, but work that is worth the effort.

Advent, Christmas, & Corporate Worship

It’s the most wonderful time of the year… Unless you’re a worship leader trying to figure out how to incorporate Christmas carols into weekly services, balance people’s desires and expectations for this season, organize, plan and lead special services and events, and still prepare room for Christ in your own heart.

Truthfully, I have not always been a huge lover of Christmas Carols. It felt like an interruption to the regularly scheduled programming of worship songs and setlists. These songs were so familiar, not just to me, but to the culture as a whole - even those who have no faith background or belief. We hear them overhead in the grocery store, on commercials, and in television shows, and inescapably from our most festive friends and family. But the longer I have been leading worship, and the deeper I grow in my faith, the more I have come to treasure this Advent and Christmas season we celebrate every year. So if like me, Christmas planning can make you cringe, here are some things that have been helpful for me in recent years:

Adjust your understanding of Christmas carols. Somehow in my mind, carols occupied a different place that Psalms, Hymns, and Spiritual Songs… They were something other. But many songs (not all) which have stood the test of generations have done so for good reason - rich, dense, beautiful, poetic language, and theology. Ask the Spirit to give you fresh eyes to see these familiar lyrics anew. To sing like the words are true because they are. Sing like Christ has come and is coming again because He is.

Acknowledge expectations. Corporate sung worship brings out expectations - both spoken and unspoken - in a unique way for the gathered Church. When songs, styles and seasons carry such personal meaning and memory for people, it can further complicate an already difficult tension. Acknowledge the fact that people - yourself included - have expectations, desires, and preferences. Decide how to respond graciously regardless of the way someone has expressed their preferences. Choose to die to yourself, your preferences, and your desires as an act of worship to God and service to the people you lead.

Balance new with the familiar. Teaching brand new Christmas songs, or even retuned versions of familiar classics can be difficult given the short window of time for the Christmas and Advent season. And the fact those songs are only pulled out once a year some 45-weeks later.

Creating a setlist that incorporates new Christmas songs as a song of reflection or a Welcome and Calls to Worship, surrounding familiar carols and normal worship songs is a great way to balance the need for familiarity, and freshness at the same time.

Read the Gospel accounts of the life of Christ as you prepare for leading worship over the Christmas season. Let your heart be softened and broken open to the weight and wonder of God with us. Read the lyrics to these Christmas carols that can be so familiar in our mouths, they have lost the impact in our hearts and minds. Pray with gratitude and expectancy as we prepare to lead people not only to look back and remember the first Advent of Christ but His second Advent as well.

Celebrate, remember, respond and worship.

Gospel Song Liturgy

Song choice is important. Individual songs tell a story, and we contribute to a larger story in how we arrange those songs in creating setlists. While key, tempo, and your preference are worth considering, they are certainly not the most intentional way to create setlists.

Over the years I have tried many ways to create setlists that tell a cohesive story. But the most helpful way I have found is through what I call the ‘Gospel Song Liturgy.’ I was first exposed to this concept through these two episodes of the Doxology and Theology Podcast: The Worship Leader and Missions and Creating A Liturgy. This podcast in general, and these episodes, in particular, are well worth your time. The idea of the Gospel Song Liturgy is to tell the story of the Gospel throughout your setlist: Creation, Fall, Redemption, Restoration, and Glorification.

You may be tempted to believe this is too restrictive or too complicated - I thought the same until I began using this framework. One of the unexpected benefits of this framework for me has been the way it has exposed the gaps or holes in the master song list I use to assemble my setlists. I may have plenty of songs that speak to the sacrifice of Christ (Redemption), but not enough songs that speak to the sovereign rule and reign of God (Creation), or the reality that Christ has reconciled us to God and our fellow man (Restoration).

So where do we begin? With understanding the basic movements of the Gospel Song Liturgy:

CREATION

Where does creation begin? With God. ‘In the beginning God…’ (Gen 1:1).

The sovereignty, rule, and reign of God extends from eternity past even before He created time, space, and formed the world. He is the ‘…only Sovereign, the King of kings and Lord of lords, who alone has immortality, who dwells in unapproachable light, whom no one has ever seen or can see (1 Tim 6:15-16),’ and He alone is worthy of all honor, glory, and praise. As we gather to worship, there will be those who are following Christ, and those who do not. And both groups need to be reminded of the transcendent reality of our great God in a world overwhelmed by fear, and uncertainty. Our lives and circumstances may seem out of control, but nothing is ever beyond His control. “Our God is in the heavens; He does all that He pleases.” Ps 115:3

FALL

Sin has distorted, warped, and broken everything and everyone. As we gather God’s people, some enter acutely aware of this reality – addiction, illness, suffering, death, fractured relationships, fears, the list is endless. Those people need to be reminded that they are not alone in their sin – here we are as a family of the wounded walking looking to our Suffering Servant King (Isaiah 53). As we gather, some enter believing like the Pharisee’s that outward law-keeping, rule-following, a polished perfect life shakes free the stain of sin and makes us right with God. As we gather, some enter with an awareness of sin lying dormant, waiting to be awoken by the Holy Spirit.

It is the kindness of God that leads us to repentance, and repentance only comes with the illuminating work of the Holy Spirit (Rom 2:4). So we do not run from the reality of sin and brokenness in our world and in our lives as we gather. In fact, as we trust the kindness of God to reveal the beauty and perfection of Christ, we will come face-to-face with the depth of depravity that is the human heart… thankfully this is not where the story ends.

REDEMPTION

If our Sunday services only acknowledged the reality of our broken Genesis 3 lives (The Fall), and did not continue to tell the whole story, we would be without hope. But it is exactly here – in Genesis 3 – where God promises Redemption. Redemption has been accomplished by the perfect life and perfect sacrifice of God’s perfect Son, Jesus Christ. ‘It is finished (Jn 19:30),’ is the victory cry of our redemption. ‘It is finished,’ is the deathblow to the consequences of our sin, which is death (Rom 6:23). So we want our songs, order, and services to allow people to look at their own sin – which is their death – and look at the death of Christ – which is their life. ‘And He will swallow up death forever, and the Lord God will wipe away tears from all faces. And the reproach of His people He will take away from all the earth, for the LORD has spoken.’ Isaiah 25:8

RESTORATION

The redemptive work of Christ has restored and secured right relationship between God and man. When we are united with Christ, we are clothed in His righteousness and it is His perfect sacrifice that allows us to come boldly before the throne of grace crying, ‘Abba!’ (1 Tim 2:5, Col 2:11-12, 2 Col 5:21, Heb 4:16, Rom 8:15). Christ has also restored and reconciled us one to another in the family of God. He has broken down the dividing wall of hostility and made a people – a family – from strangers, foreigners, enemies, representing languages, cultures, ages, understandings, backgrounds of men and women, boys and girls (Eph 2:14-18, 1 Pet 2:9-10). And He will one day restore all creation – which even now groans under the weight of sin, death, and decay (Rom 8:19, Rev 21). So we sing with joy knowing that we have been restored. And we sing with hope, longing, and expectation when together face-to-face with the Father, side by side with our brothers and sisters, and in the new heavens and new earth we will fully realize our restoration for all eternity.

GLORIFICATION

Glorification is the ultimate consummation of Christ and the Church being united together for all eternity (Rev 19:6-9). Glorification will be the place where we see face-to-face, that which is perfectly seen in the face of Christ. It will be the place where we see free from the veil of sin. It will be the place where we know fully those things we have only known in part. It will be the place where we perfectly reflect God’s glory back to God, to one another, and out into the world (1 Cor 13:12, 2 Cor 4:6, 2 Cor 3:18). In the glorious presence of God, in glorified bodies, before a glorified Savior, we will live fully, perfectly, completely to the glory of God alone (Ps 145:5, Phil 3:20-21, Ps 86:12). So as we lead ourselves, pray that God would open our eyes to His glory. Then we serve our people praying that the Holy Spirit would open their eyes to the glory of God. And from God’s revelation of Himself, we respond by holding up the mirrors of our lives to reflect God’s glory back to Him, and to the world. Now in part. Then in full. Always for His glory, forever.

Becoming A Liturgist

Worship is formative - we become what we behold. This is a weighty responsibility for those of us choosing songs, creating setlists, and leading worship. What are we putting before the eyes, hearts, and in the mouths of the people we lead and serve?

If worship is indeed formative, we need to think long-term about how our choices are forming and discipling the people we lead. Our vision must be larger than 20 minutes once a week. Selecting a handful of songs for the weekend may get the job done in the short term, but it will create malformed disciples in the long run.

So how do we shape our perspective? How do we attempt the deep work of formation and discipleship if we are responsible for such a small sliver of people’s time? My proposal: become a liturgist.

Liturgy means work of the people.

Although we often associate liturgy with ‘high church’ services (think, incense, robes, and scripted prayers), every church has a liturgy. So even a loose structure of songs and service order for churches who have never followed the Church calendar or cracked a prayer book are still liturgical.

The first step in becoming a liturgist is realizing, you already are. If liturgy is the work of the people, we all contribute to the corporate gathering. But those of us who carry responsibility for what happens as we gather have a unique opportunity to intentionally form our liturgy to form intentional disciples.

As liturgists, we must hold a bigger picture in mind in our planning, preparation, and decisions. Liturgy is no silver bullet or secret weapon, it is a helpful framework for thinking and working toward greater formation among those we lead and serve.

Next week I’ll write about some of the ways we can begin to be more thoughtful and intentional in crafting our liturgies.

Song Leaders Vs. Worship Leaders

In 2012 I attended the first LIFT conference and heard Matt Redman say something which shaped the way I saw leading worship. He said there was a difference between a song leader and a worship leader. This line was so significant, I remember almost nothing of that conference apart from this insight.

As I have continued to reflect on this idea, here are a few things I think define the difference between a song leader and a worship leader…

Song leaders lead songs, Worship leaders lead people. Any competent musician can pick up an instrument and lead a congregation in singing - even non-believers would be capable of that. Worship leaders lead themselves, the team, and the congregation - and one of the ways they do that is through song. Bob Kauflin says - if your instrument and platform were taken away, would your church still recognize you as a leader?

Song leaders use relationships, worship leaders are in relationships. For song leaders, people are either an obstacle or a means. They use people and their skills in service of a song leader’s goals. Worship leaders shepherd, come alongside, engage the ready, and pursue the disengaged. Worship leaders have spaces and relationships where they are known apart from what they do, are accountable and vulnerable.

Song leaders focus on external, worship leaders focus on internal. A song leader is primarily focused on the things that people see - the song choice, setlist, sound, and quality of the band. A worship leader focuses on cultivating those things which are less visible: character, leadership, personal holiness, union with God, a heart for the team and congregation, prayer, and devotion in the secret place.

Song leaders disconnect Sunday from all of life, worship leaders see Sunday as a continuation of a life of worship. Song leaders view Sunday morning as the endpoint of their preparation. Worship leaders view Sunday morning as the culmination of a life of worship, the chance to re-center, remind, encourage, and equip the people of God to be sent out on mission as worshipers once again.

Song leaders help people to sing, worship leaders, help people to live lives of worship regardless of the setting. The world and the Church are filled with gifted musicians, but is often lacking for those servant leaders who help us orient our lives toward the only One worthy of our worship.

Although I have spent time contrasting some of the differences between song leaders and worship leaders, these roles are not black and white. They exist on a continuum. Our natural skills, talents, discipleship, personality, and maturity all influence who we are, and who we are becoming in this process. Every one of us attempting to grow and develop as worship leaders are a mix of song leaders and worship leaders.

It has taken me many years of leading worship to realize that formation toward becoming a worship leader happens from the inside out more than the outside in. The more time I spend focusing on the externals - the obvious skills of being a song leader - the more malformed I become, the more malformed my team becomes. But when I invest from the inside out, I grow a team of worship leaders with song leader skills.